Word: wheat
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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Once a highschool teacher, small, grey, solemn Alfred Adams Wheat retains the manner and appearance of a pedagog. Born in New Hampshire of old Yankee stock, he entered the District of Columbia bar in 1891. A Republican, he was appointed by President Hoover in 1929 to the District of Columbia's Supreme Court bench, where he moved up next year to be Chief Justice. From that bench last week he handed President Roosevelt's social program a major set-back by declaring the Railroad Retirement Act unconstitutional, granting an injunction against its operation...
Into Judge Wheat's court trooped attorneys for 134 of the nation's 149 Class I railroads, crying protest at what, to them, looked like a gross violation of the "due process of law" provision of the Constitution. The pension system would cost them $60,000,000 in its first year, more later. The extra burden, they declared, would break the back of many a tottering line...
...first case of national importance, Justice Wheat took a strict, hardheaded, Yankee view. Involved was no question of national emergency, such as impelled the U. S. Supreme Court at its last term to uphold certain State statutes that smacked of New Dealism. The problem, as Judge Wheat saw it, was to decide whether a socially-minded Congress had overreached the power the Constitution gave it to regulate interstate commerce...
...Retirement Act," concluded Judge Wheat's decision against the Government, "confers its benefits upon all employes of any company to which it relates without regard to distinction between interstate commerce, intrastate commerce, or activities which do not constitute commerce...
...Sept. 15 the farm price for cotton was 13.1?, but the "parity" price, based on the equation between what the farmer sells and what he buys from industry, was 15.6?. Farm price for wheat was 92.2?, parity price 111.4?. Theoretically, the processing tax for cotton should have been 2.5?, for wheat 19.2?. Actually they were respectively 4.2? and 30?. In other words, consumers were more than bridging the gap between farm and parity prices. If farm prices continued to rise, or industrial prices began to fall, or both, parity would be reached and processing taxes would by law become inoperative...