Word: white
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Chicago's Negro ghetto, Black Metropolis, Sociologist St. Clair Drake points out that as early as 1938 the area was seething with anti-Semitic resentment of Jewish merchants, who then owned three-fourths of the neighbor hood stores. "As the most highly vis ible and most immediately available white persons in the community," he wrote, "Jewish merchants tend to become the symbol of the Negroes' verbal attack on all white businessmen...
...identified with the merchant image that Negroes frequently use anti-Semitic epithets in referring to ghetto businessmen who are unmistakably not Jewish. A Negro will frequently refer to his "Jew landlord" even though the man's name may be O'Reilly, Karwolski or Santangelo. In black areas of Detroit, white storekeepers are often called "Goldberg," even though many shops are owned by Iraqis and Syrians. And a Cadillac, even if it is owned by a wealthy Negro, is still known as a "Jew canoe...
...large measure of envy, complicated by admiration and even a bit of love. Negro Theologian C. Eric Lincoln points out that the Jew looms large in black "vocal folklore," not as a figure of hatred but as a kindly foil who is something of a buffer between white Christians and the Negro. He contends that there are countless Negro jokes in which "John Henry" and "Mr. Goldberg" conspire to outwit "Mr. Charley...
...Look at that Jew. Why don't you study the way he does and get ahead instead of dropping out of school?' " A 1964 study of Negro attitudes by the University of California Survey Research Center indicated that blacks in general were more favorably disposed to Jews than were white gentiles, and more inclined to reject stereotypes of the Jew as "clannish" or "conspiratorial." Sociologist Drake notes this feeling of ambivalence: "You hear comments "that among Jews you find your best friends and your best enemies...
Until a decade ago, the Negro could still regard the Jew as a fellow victim of white society. Now there is a widespread feeling that the oppressed has become the oppressor, and that the Jew has become part of the white Establishment. "The mood of the black ghetto is that the dominant WASP gave the Negro franchise to the Jewish community," says Daniel Watts, editor of the radical monthly Liberator. In light of their past brotherhood, the Negro is all the more outraged by what he feels is the betrayal by the Jew. "We expect more of him, and when...