Word: wielands
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...memory, he had no equal. No wonder the surrealists adored his early work and adopted its strategies wholesale. The "illusionist" painters among them, Dali, Ernst, Tanguy and Magritte, all came out of early De Chirico, a lineage astutely discussed by Laura Rosenstock in the catalogue; and as another contributor, Wieland Schmied, points out, German painters in the '20s like George Grosz used Chirican motifs to express their vision of an estranged urban world in social dislocation...
Bayreuth has known-and absorbed-protest before, notably in the early '50s when Wagner's grandson Wieland introduced the stark, abstract productions that have remained influential ever since. Wieland's brother and successor, Wolfgang, knows his conservative local constituency very well-he staged an undistinguished Ring cycle of his own in 1971-but for the big five-week-long birthday he went out to hire men who would shake things up the way they must be shaken periodically if an opera house is to command international attention...
...just enough veterans to glue things together. Among them is the stage director, George London, 55, one of the great Wagnerian bass-baritones of the 1950s and '60s. If London has his way, he may start a whole new realistic trend in staging the Ring. After the innovative Wieland Wagner began presenting his grandfather's works as absorbing formal abstractions at Bayreuth in the early 1950s, the imitators began falling into line. Says London: "Soon everyone was in a culdesac, with no place to go. That is when the gimmicks started popping up. In one Ring in Germany...
KENNETH W. WIELAND...
...fact, recent seasons have brought little to cause either boos or bravos in Bayreuth. The "new Bayreuth style," fostered by Wolfgang's elder brother Wieland, substituted psychodrama for realism. Since Wieland's death in 1966, the style has remained but the spark has gone. Friedrich has changed all that. "A genius like Richard Wagner," he says, "inevitably provides room for a whole complex of often contradictory interpretations." There was nothing contradictory about the box office results after the news of his scandalous Tannhäuser. Gossip about Bayreuth's impending demise stopped, the Bavarian ministry denied...