Word: wisconsin
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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That discovery led, 35 years later, to James Thomson's isolation of the first human embryonic stem cells, at the University of Wisconsin in 1998. And that milestone in turn inspired researchers to think about directing these cellular blank slates to eventually replace cells that had been damaged or were depleted by disease. The key lay in finding just the right recipe of growth factors and nutrients to induce a stem cell to become a heart cell, a neuron, an insulin-making cell or something else. It would take decades, the researchers all knew, but new therapies were sure...
...year later, Yamanaka followed up his work by reporting success with the same four factors in turning back the clock on human skin cells. At about the same time, in Wisconsin, Thomson achieved the same feat using a different cocktail of genes. With those studies, what became known as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) were suddenly a reality. Never mind the frustratingly fickle process needed to create embryonic stem cells; this was something any molecular-biology graduate student could do. "We figured somebody would have success with reprogramming. We just thought that somebody would come along a generation from...
...James Thomson, U of Wisconsin, isolates human embryonic stem cells...
...Pakistani civil servant and an American writer, Mueenuddin, 45, grew up in Lahore and Wisconsin and graduated from Dartmouth (where, he says, "I more or less passed as an American"). In 1987, at the request of his ailing father, he moved to the family property in southern Punjab to learn the business and try, if he could, to keep the land from slipping out of the family's hands. Seven years later, he returned to the States--this time for law school and a stint at a New York City firm--but after a few years, the farm...
...costs for years to come. Obama also wants to invest in computerizing health records, which would cost tens of billions up front but could save hundreds of billions in government health costs. "At some point, we've got to start turning this around," says Democratic Congressman Ron Kind of Wisconsin, who wants the stimulus to create a new commission on U.S. liabilities. "We can't keep borrowing against our children's future...