Word: withhold
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...hostage" in order to force Dean to appear. Yet if they were to judge Gray's fitness for his powerful post, the committee members had every right to ask Dean about his involvement in the Watergate investigation. Nixon's claim that he would never rely on Executive privilege to withhold "embarrassing information" but use it only to protect "the public interest" ought to free Dean to appear. Political embarrassment for Nixon is precisely what Dean's appearance might create, but the public interest could well be served by a full disclosure of the FBI's relationship with the White House...
...Supreme Court last June rejected some reporters' claims that the First Amendment gave them an absolute right to withhold all confidential sources or information from grand juries. The best known of three cases involved New York Times Reporter Earl Caldwell, whose work among West Coast Black Panthers in 1970 had gained him the attention of a federal grand jury, which subpoenaed him to testify "concerning the aims, purposes and activities of that organization." Caldwell argued that even his appearance at closed hearings would destroy his relationship with his sources. By a 5-4 decision, the Supreme Court ruled against...
Since suspected criminals would not be "neutral observers," this doctrine would take care of the hypothetical "sham" newspapers. However, it would also involve a considerable amount of de facto discrimination against part-time, politically active journalists. Journalists who marched in peace marches would not be allowed to withhold information in cases arising out of those marches. And it is even questionable whether most full-time journalists would put up with this sort of restriction on their private lives...
...journalist's privilege into a less costly shape. For instance, journalists could be allowed to protect the sources of published information, but could still be compelled to reveal all other information in their possession (providing none of this information would reveal the source's identity). Thus reporters could withhold the names of sources, but not necessarily all notes and tapes. The burden would then be on the source to tell the reporter no more than he is willing to see brought to light--either in print or in court. It is doubtful whether Caldwell would have been admitted...
...President therefore exhorted Congress to heed a bill that would make states take an inventory of their most ecologically valuable land (coastal zones, estuaries, flood plains) and identify areas that might be harmed by building power plants, highways or airports. The penalty for noncompliance: the Government would annually withhold 7% of federal funds for highway and airport projects until the states...