Word: within
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...class Socialist content." It sounded as if the Soviets had decided after all to press on with their original plans to excommunicate the Chinese from the movement. But such a move was certain to lead in the conference to heated debates and perhaps even walkouts and further divisions within world Communism...
...myth and a generalized faith, Marxism has proved remarkably durable, partly because it has been interpreted and stretched so broadly that widely different political movements can and do invoke it (see TIME ESSAY, page 35). In its specific applications, the faith is hopelessly split. Within little more than a decade, Communism has undergone a great schism (Moscow v. Peking), experienced an abortive reformation (Dubcek's Czechoslovakia), and developed a plethora of protestant sects (Yugoslavia and Rumania, among others). The once vaunted and feared unity of Communism has shattered into a bewildering, quarrelsome, logic-and dogma-defying set of parties...
Mirroring the larger schisms within Communism, the individual parties have divided, subdivided and often split into opposing parties. The Australian and Israeli Communists are divided into two parties. The Swedes, Indians, and Greeks all are split three ways. Labedz has propounded a rule that Communist politics "are complicated in inverse proportion to the party's importance in the country"; thus the Ceylonese Communists, who number only 2,300, have proliferated into eight discernible factions...
...welter of crosscurrents, at least four principal variants of Communism are alive in the world today. They are 1) Soviet Communism, 2) Maoism, 3) Castroism and 4) reformist Communism as it occurs in two sub-variants: Western Communist parties out of power and ruling parties within the Red world...
...Soviet Communism is now among the world's most conservative systems. Its overriding theme is the preservation of the status quo within the Soviet sphere of influence. Watering down Leninist eschatology, Soviet Communism no longer believes in an inevitable violent clash with capitalism and has shown in practice that the worldwide revolution is the least of its concerns. Soviet Communism has long been called "bureaucratic dictatorship," and the description is apt. A party-controlled bureaucratic bossism pervades every area of life, with stultifying results. Art and literature must conform to the precepts of "socialist realism;" that means they must provide...