Word: within
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Firstly, the basic issue dealt with in our course is that of the distribution of income, wealth, and power within the United States, and between the U.S. and the Third Would. In dealing with income distribution, we emphasize the importance of educational institutions and their economic function in affecting income inequality. The editorial's suggestion that the issue of grading forms a particularly large part of the course in incorrect, although it is fair to say that our position on grading arose from discussion concerning the particular course lecture in which grading received some analytical attention...
...York in my freshman year it was grand. In wrote down in my notebook how reinvigorating it was to march through such a large city with several thousand people and feel free and powerful with them. We were a community ad we talked together as we moved along. Here within the heartland of the city-land I was finally feeling at home a little. We did not accomplish much; but the thing that made it so poignant for me, even now, was that I have been to New York on five separate occasions and I cannot remember ever having spoken...
...reform from within seems more difficult if one considers that the parties must initiate it. For those within the system it requires a faith in the democratic process larger than their desire for political office; for eventually any system that encourages participation will encourage challenges to the ruling elite. Even starting a new party dedicated to new methods and begun with more of a reliance on the electorate would not insure that if it won acceptance and gained power the same reaction would...
Thus, any group which tries to encourage democratic participation outside the system of political parties (which does not mean that one has no option but to work within the two existing parties) is bound to run into trouble. But unless the political parties of the U.S. are able to reform themselves, or more likely, unless a great new, genuinely democratic mass political party is established, America will prove unable to retain any degree of her democratic heritage...
Grades serve a number of functions: they establish a system of incentives for students, they structure the nature of social relations in the educational process, and they provide needed information within the outside the university. We argue that the incentive function of grades and their effect on classroom relations are inimical to learning. Furthermore, we believe that the informational role of grades could be served through alternative mechanisms which would promote, rather than hinder, learning...