Word: within
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Although everyone hears about Israel's problems with her Arab neighbors and the newly-conquered Palestinians, few realize the impact of these international problems on Israel's own internal troubles, especially for the nearly 300,000 Arabs within Israel before...
...they started out with land, have done well," the "agricultural proletariat" of the villages, who have no trouble finding jobs in their own communities but are not well-to-do and are "not in a good situation," and the professionals. Members of the last group who find positions within Arab communities do very well, but sometimes the Arab intelligentsia can't find work in their segregated communities and "have trouble being accepted in the Jewish sector...
ISRAEL also has problems within its Jewish population. Originally the country was settled primarily by Jewish immigrants from Europe, but recent immigration has come increasingly from Morocco and Oriental countries with social, cultural, economic, and educational backgrounds substantially different from the highly-developed and professionalized Jewish communities of Europe. According to Eisenstadt, these Moroccan and Oriental Jews constitute 50 per cent of the Jewish population of Israel (depending on how the children are counted...
...institutions playing the greatest role in integration are the school systems and the army. The schools serve as training grounds, but since the Orientals and Moroccans are usually segregated either in development towns for new immigrants or in their own areas within cities, the army, in which integration occurs on a national basis, is the most important solution to the problem...
...integrative function of the army lies in its teaching Hebrew and technical and mechanical skills and in making the immigrants feel Israeli," Eisenstadt said. "This has been so successful within the army that when immigrants complain of discrimination, they usually complain of everything but the army," he continued, even though, if they take a close look at the officers and the higher echelons of the Israeli armed forces they "would probably find that they are less proportionately represented than in most other places...