Word: working
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...them the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, both were startled. Bishop called the news "surreal" and Varmus insisted on verifying the information. Others were less surprised. Said Dr. David Baltimore of M.I.T.'s Whitehead Institute, who won in 1975 the prize for research in the same field: "Their work established a new paradigm for thinking about cancer...
Biology students used to be taught that there was a strict division of labor within living cells. The nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, served as repositories of genetic information, and certain proteins, called enzymes, did all the work. But research conducted in the past decade by Sidney Altman of Yale University and Thomas Cech of the University of Colorado at Boulder has forced scientists to alter completely their ideas not only of how cells function but also of how life on earth began. Last week the Nobel Prize for Chemistry went to Altman and Cech, with the citation that "many...
...prize. "I am obviously excited about it," he said. "It was something that everyone has been telling me would happen, but I had no way of knowing when." What will the researchers do with their $470,000 prize? "I'll just go back to the lab and do more work," Altman said. Cech had other ideas. Said he: "I have two young daughters who are very good at spending money...
...ingenious experimenters devise ever more clever methods for increasing the accuracy of their observations. The Nobel Prize in Physics this year celebrates the contributions of three scientists who have spent their careers elevating precision measurement to a high art. "It's nice to know that this type of work can be appreciated," said one of the recipients, distinguished Harvard University physicist Norman Ramsey. Upon hearing the news, Ramsey, an athletic 74-year-old who recently returned from a trek in Nepal, admits that he was startled. "Are you sure?" he asked the first reporter who called...
...reluctant laureate was honored for pathbreaking work in the early 1940s that laid the foundation for econometrics, which uses mathematical models to study the behavior of an economy. "Every time you open a newspaper and see an analysis of economic trends," said Assar Lindbeck, chairman of the economics- prize committee, "it is based on Haavelmo's econometric theories." Haavelmo's key contribution was to show that the relationship between such factors as income and spending was far more complex than had been thought, since those factors affect one another and the rest of the economy. For example, he demonstrated that...