Word: wroclaw
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Along the waterfront of Poland's rubble-strewn Szczecin (formerly Stettin) towering cranes on six miles of rebuilt docks load and unload freight at the annual rate of 4,000,000 tons. In Wroclaw (formerly Breslau) bright new arc lights along the main streets have ended years of dim nights in the city's bomb-shattered center. After years of neglect, Poland's "western territories," the lands east of the Oder and Neisse Rivers taken from Germany after the war, are slowly emerging from postwar desolation...
Last week TIME Correspondent Dwight Martin traveled south from Szczecin through countryside dotted with ruined villages, reported: "The western territories are the rawest, most livid scar on the face of Europe. During an eight-hour drive to Wroclaw we saw only eight passenger cars on the highways. In Police, amid the monumental shards of one of the Nazis' biggest synthetic-oil centers, the earth still reeks of explosives and soaked oil. Every week children are killed or maimed by unexploded mines or bombs in the rubble...
Tito and Gomulka had not seen each other since March, 1946. A year later, the satraps of the Soviet empire held a secret Cominform organization meeting in a sanatorium near Wroclaw, Poland. At that meeting, Tito and his aides vigorously berated Gomulka for talking too much about a separate "Polish road to socialism." Barely a year later, Tito was the archrenegade of the Communist world. And before long, Gomulka, accused of Titoist tendencies, was stripped of his power as secretary-general of the Polish Communist Party and put under house arrest...
...averaged four hours of sleep each night, now he has perhaps six. The other 18 hours vanish in a succession of conferences, interviews, speechwriting, speechmaking (three a week on Radio Warsaw), and listening to dozens of workers' delegations from all over the country. A group of workers from Wroclaw asks about higher wages. A delegation from an association of collective farms seeks his ideas about farm policy. They all get a little of Gomulka's time. At 8 o'clock one night last week a batch of students, workers and farmers walked in, spent three hours getting...
Most of these mob scenes, organized or spontaneous, began as what one Pole called "demonstrations of happiness." But as they continued, their temper turned bitter. In Wroclaw (formerly the German Breslau) demonstrating students who started off shouting "Long live Poland" gradually progressed to "Tell the truth about the Katyn murders"* and a steady chant of "Rokossovsky, go home." ("What do they want from me?" lamented the dejected Soviet proconsul. "After all, I was born in Poland and my parents are buried here...