Word: wyszynski
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...fifth week of the Roman Catholic celebration marking Poland's conversion to Christianity 1,000 years ago, the long power struggle between the church's Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski and Wladyslaw Gomulka's Communist regime was speeding toward a climax. Day after day, the cardinal heightened his challenge to the government, rallying hordes of the faithful with millennial Masses and pilgrimages, defying steel-helmeted troops armed with tear gas and burp guns. And day after dav, Gomulka's men raised the level of their blasts at Poland's outspoken prelate...
...discourage attendance at church ceremonies, Gomulka tried every petty harassment he could think of-from switching train schedules to putting key roads "under repair." Dismissing such tactics as "childish tricks," Cardinal Wyszynski began using a few tricks of his own. When the government clamped down on a 15-mile pilgrimage from Katowice to Piekary by banning walking between the two cities, the pilgrims mobilized everything on wheels and carried passengers on fenders, hoods and rooftops. "If the government respects the rights of the Roman Catholic Church," Cardinal Wyszynski told a huge audience in Piekary, "then we will respect the government...
...could only be transported around Poland in "a closed car." The warning went unheeded. Last week a group of students in Lublin grabbed the portrait after a cathedral ceremony and carried it down the main street to the cheers of tens of thousands of Poles. "The Virgin Mary," Cardinal Wyszynski explained later, "traveled to Bethlehem on foot, so our youth did not want her to travel by car." At Lublin's Catholic University, the only one of its kind in Eastern Europe, the cardinal was even more emphatic. "Youth is struggling for truth," he said. "If this right...
Nonetheless, the celebration was a festive occasion. Throngs of peasant women and men, peddling sausages and souvenirs, clustered in the newly washed streets of the normally drab industrial city. When Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski arrived two days before the ceremonies, he was nearly mobbed by frantic tens of thousands, chanting wildly "Long live the Pope"* and singing the ancient Polish hymn We Want...
...celebrations had an additional significance because Wyszynski chose to emphasize a theme for which he and his bishops have been attacked by Gomulka's regime: the need for Poles to forgive neighboring Germany for its World War II crimes and forget the historic enmities that divide the two peoples. "We stand on Calvary," preached Wyszynski in the moonlight, "and hear Christ's words of forgiveness for those who crucified him. From Jasna Gora, we the Polish bishops, and God's representatives, we also forgive." "We forgive," the crowd thundered back, and the fields echoed with applause...