Word: x-rayed
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Riccardo Giacconi, professor of Astronomy and specialist in x-ray astronomy, is member of the ten-man panel George B. Field, director of the CFA, said yesterday...
...never met, never corresponded. But on opposite sides of the Atlantic, U.S. Physicist Allan Cormack, 55, of Tufts University, and Research Engineer Godfrey Hounsfield, 60, of the British firm EMI Ltd., brooded over the same mathematical puzzle and independently reached the same solution. The puzzle: how to produce an X-ray image of tissue at any depth within a patient. The result: the CAT (for computerized axial tomography) scanner, a medical marvel now used in hospitals round the world. Last week the two scientists learned that they have something else in common: they will share the 1979 Nobel Prize...
...obtaining X-ray pictures of the brain. Because the cranium is so thick, they could make an X-ray beam "see" an abnormality only by injecting a patient with tracer dyes or air bubbles. When Cormack immigrated to the U.S. that year (he became an American citizen a decade later), he began exploring the physics of how X rays pass through differing body parts. Dividing this passage into cross-sectional slices, he found he could calculate the absorption of an X-ray beam by varying densities of tissue in any one of the slices. Cormack published his findings...
...then, widespread use of the scanner has drawn critics who argue that the machine's hefty price-up to $700,000 and more-drives up the cost of medical care at hospitals that could get by with cheaper methods. But the Nobel Committee declared: "No other method within X-ray diagnostics has led to such remarkable success in such a short time...
...machine, known as the computed axial tomography scanner (CAT), allows doctors to take three-dimensional x-rays of a patient through the use of a rotating x-ray tube...