Word: x-rayed
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...oxygen-carriers ranks as one of the most spectacular achievements of molecular biology. Perutz' picture of the "architecture" of hemoglobin, the protein of red blood cells, represents almost 25 years of intensive research and was made possible by his discovery of a new experimental method of X-ray analysis...
...discover the nature of this anatomy has been the central problem of protein chemistry, one that can be solved only by X-ray analysis. Until 1953 such analysis, however, had proved fruitful only when used to determine the atomic arrangement of simple organic compounds at least a hundred times smaller than protein molecules, which contain hundreds of amino acid residues arranged in definite sequences as polypeptide chains...
Perutz discovered in 1953 that by studying the X-ray diffraction pattern from a series of isomorphous heavy atom compounds, each having a heavy atom (such as mercury) attached to a different site on the protein molecule, the problem of discovering the molecular structure of complex proteins could be solved...
Even in the best hospitals. vitamin-A child poisoning often goes undetected because its very symptoms-irritableness, painful movements, and tenderness to the examining doctor's touch-along with X-ray changes, are all too easily confused with the signs of syphilis, leukemia, or even, ironically, scurvy, which results from a deficiency of vitamin C. But if the X rays show premature hardening of the gristlelike ends where children's bones grow, says Dr. Pease, physicians should be alert for vitamin poisoning...
Deep in the Brain. With eight oscilloscopes attached to electroencephalographs, doctors at Barrow can see brain waves the moment they are generated. X-ray pictures of the brain's arteries can be taken from both front and side at half-second intervals. To locate a defective part of the brain that is causing epileptic seizures, electrodes must sometimes be delicately inserted deep into the brain itself, so the institute has an elaborate device for placing the electrodes with three-dimensional, pinpoint accuracy. For the most refined diagnosis in some patients, these electrodes will be used for stimulating parts...