Word: x-rays
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...system would stop only a fraction of incoming warheads-no defense of any kind in any war has ever been 100% effective. The idea is to sow enough doubt, uncertainty and expense into the plans of the enemy to deter him from striking. The daring technical innovations of high X-ray yield and terminal interception pioneered by the Soviets point the way to a viable ABM defense. Let's build one. NORMAN G. LOOPER Lieutenant, U.S.N. St. Paul...
Striking the ICBM, X rays instantaneously ionize a thin layer of its outer casing, causing the formation of a sheath of hot gas, or plasma. But only a small portion of X-ray energy is used to form the plasma sheath. Most of the remainder is converted into a shock wave that races through the missile. At a distance of two miles, the impact of the shock wave on a 6½-ft. dia. 30-megaton warhead would be equivalent to the explosion of 2 or 3 Ibs. of TNT within the missile, which may be enough...
...even the installation of many Spartan batteries-backed up by smaller and faster Sprint missiles for short-range interception of ICBMs that penetrate the X-ray curtain-would not provide sufficient protection against a determined and massive attack by the Soviet Union. Using shielding, decoys, multiple and maneuverable warheads and radar-jamming chaff or nuclear explosions, the Russians could confuse and overwhelm U.S. defenses-just as the U.S. could overcome theirs...
...ICBM two miles from the blast will receive only one-quarter of the X-ray energy that hits a missile one mile away. At a distance of three miles, the impacting X-ray energy will be only one-ninth as large...
...Tails. X-ray studies reveal natural collagen as three strands of molecules twisted together like rope. The strands are short, and many have to be joined end to end to make up the body's long collagen fibers. Dr. Tomio Nishihara, a physical chemist who heads research for the Japan Leather Co., and Dr. Francis O. Schmitt of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, thought there must be something on the ends of the basic molecules that enabled them to couple. Dr. Albert L. Rubin and an M.I.T. team set about testing the theory. They found that each collagen strand...