Word: x-rays
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Formerly affiliated with AT&T's Bell Laboratories in New Jersey, Jene Golovchenko is known throughout the field for his pioneer research on surface properties using tunneling electron microscopy and X-ray standing wave methods...
...light. That makes them too diminutive to be seen with the most powerful optical microscopes. But in 1931 the invention of the electron microscope -- for which German Physicist Ernst Ruska finally won the Nobel Prize this year -- broke the light barrier. The new instrument -- along with a technique called X-ray crystallography (in which X rays are diffracted through crystallized virus particles to reveal their molecular structure) -- at last provided a view of the bizarre and startling world of the tiny creatures...
Toward the end of True Stories there is a down-home talent show, replete with dueling auctioneers and a chorus line of just plain folks wrapped in Old Glory. What makes the scene -- pure performance art -- so arresting, though, is not its content but its location. In the X-ray light of the setting sun, each catwalk and scaffold of a makeshift stage stands silhouetted against the empty spaces of the plains. At this instant, the vision of another artist leaps to mind: the spaceship sequence from Einstein on the Beach...
Peter Hagelstein did not quite realize what he was getting into when, as a 20- year-old M.I.T. student, he began his association with the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, Calif. His dream was to advance biological and medical research by creating X-ray lasers. Instead, he found himself in what some have called a "bomb shop." In 1979 Hagelstein began working out the computer program that aided in the design of X-ray lasers -- the breakthrough that helped inspire Ronald Reagan to become the chief advocate for the Strategic Defense Initiative, or Star Wars...
Hagelstein, now 32, went on dreaming about devising an X-ray laser to be used in peaceful applications. Last week that dream prevailed. Livermore announced that Hagelstein was returning to M.I.T. as an associate professor. The young whiz offered no comment. But as Livermore Physicist George Chapline put it, Hagelstein's departure represents a "very significant loss...