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Despite its pious title, the Institute for Religious Works in Rome is much less interested in theology than in economics. It is the Vatican's bank for investing the resources of Roman Catholic religious orders and charities from many parts of the world. Set up by Pope Pius XII 27 years ago, the institute manages a sizable portion of the Holy See's vast securities portfolio. Its guiding principle is the maxim that 1,000 lire sown today can reap 10,000 for charity tomorrow...
...Religious Affairs, Zorach Warhaftig, replied that "the Pope's voice was silent when Jewish worshipers were attacked at the tomb of the patriarchs in Hebron," referring to a grenade attack that injured 48 Israelis in October. Then, unable to stop there, he went on to castigate Pius XII for being silent "when millions of Jews were murdered" during World War II. Israel rejected the U.N. censure as hopelessly one-sided, since Arab nations are regularly protected from similar blame by Soviet veto. Israel's Ambassador to the United Nations, Yosef Tekoah, termed the censure proof of "the moral...
...Pius; by temperament and training, Paul believes in the necessity of a strong papacy as the church's defense against the threat of anarchy. Inevitably, he has been compared with his immediate predecessors, and not always favorably. Paul often suggests a not-so-brilliant version of Pius XII trying hard to live up to the image of John XXIII. More recently, Vatican clerics have begun to compare him with Pius IX, who reigned from 1846 to 1878. Rather as Paul did, Pius entered the papacy with a reputation for being a liberal. But after an abortive revolution in Rome...
...counter to the wishes of most of the faithful. Although he lacks the obvious warmth of John XXIII, Paul is an impressive and sympathetic figure before small audiences. "He is a man of anguish who communicates his anguish to others," says one Chicago priest. Unlike the aloof Pius XII, Paul almost never dines alone; unlike even John, who affected a quaint Renaissance mode of dress, Paul seldom wears anything more elaborate than a simple white cassock. On busy days he may meet aides with his collar open; sometimes, with cassock doffed, he is in shirtsleeves. Like Pius XII, he often...
...Vatican's Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity in 1960 and labored unremittingly to advance ecumenism; of a bronchial infection; in Rome. Called to Rome from his native Germany in 1924, Bea became the Vatican's foremost Biblical scholar, served for 13 years as confessor to Pope Pius XII, was principal author of Pius' encyclical Divino Afflante Spiritu, which encouraged previously forbidden scientific study of the Bible. As head of the Secretariat, he traveled to England, Greece, Switzerland and the U.S. to promote ecumenical communication. He campaigned fervently to persuade Vatican Council conservatives to agree to a declaration...