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...trying to buy U.S. support with concessions. Other American capitals suspected, with more reason, that Axis and pro-Axis provocateurs had planted and watered the first suspicion. The Spanish Ambassador to Peru, Pablo de Churruca, Marqués de Aycinena, who once studied the problem for Arbiter Alfonso XIII, was shrewdly suspected of having put pressure on Peru to hold out for a lion's share of the territory...
Occasion was the 50th anniversary of Leo XIII's famed social encyclical, Rerum Novarum. Originally the Pope had intended to bring Rerum Novarum up to date in an encyclical of his own. Instead, he decided to speak directly by radio to that "worldwide Catholic meeting" made possible by "this most expedite bridge which the inventive genius of our age throws across the ether in a flash." The Pope declared his purpose "to give some further directive moral principles and three fundamental values of social and economic life: the use of material goods, labor, and the family." He gave them...
Last week U.S. Catholics celebrated the 50th anniversary of the first great labor encyclical, Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum ("Concerning New Things"), and the tenth anniversary of its sequel, Pius XI's Quadragesima Anno ("Forty Years After"). In these two documents the Roman Catholic Church said its say about social reform, and with its age-old flexibility took steps to adapt itself to 20th-century social change as it had to feudalism in the Middle Ages and to capitalism after the Reformation...
Revolutionary for its times was Leo XIII's Rerum Novarum. Only five years previously the Holy See had itself forbidden Canada's Catholics to join the Knights of Labor (forerunner of the A.F. of L.), and it took the prompt and vigorous intervention of the late great James Cardinal Gibbons of Baltimore to keep the Vatican from extending the ban to U.S. Catholics. In 1887 Dr. Edward McGlynn, pastor of Manhattan's biggest Catholic parish, had been excommunicated for supporting Henry George's single-tax proposals.* And ten years after Rerum Novamm's publication...
...unsentimental Austrian friend once said of Alfonso: "When the door of this room opens behind me, I need not turn round to see whether it is the King. I know it instantly by the sudden, strange feeling of his strong and very royal personality." Alfonso XIII had been born a king, six months after the death of his father in 1885. When he took over power from a regency on his 16th birthday he had already learned how to feel and behave as a king. He never felt or behaved any other...