Word: xxii
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...Hard Way. Rule XXII does apply to motions as well as measures-but the liberals paid a heavy price for that concession in at least two ways...
...debate, Rule XXII now requires the votes of two-thirds of the Senators "duly chosen and sworn"-a hard-to-get 66 votes in the 98-member Senate of the 86th Congress...
...Inserted into Rule XXII almost unnoticed during the 1949 battle was a gimmick written by Georgia's Democratic Senator Richard Russell. It provides that Rule XXII's cloture provisions "shall not apply to any motion to proceed to the consideration of any motion, resolution, or proposal to change any of the Standing Rules of the Senate." Translation: there can be no cloture on any debate about changing Senate rules, including Rule XXII. It is the Russell Amendment that shapes the strategy of the attack against Rule XXII...
...strategy of 1959 revolves around the question of whether the Senate, with two-thirds of its membership holding over from election to election, is a "continuing body." If not, then its rules cannot go over from Congress to Congress. Along that line of reasoning, the opponents of Rule XXII worked out the following steps...
...backers of Rule XXII, still headed by Georgia Democrat Russell, can counter with either a motion to table (i.e., kill) the rules-changing motion, or a point of order. A motion to table is decided by a simple majority vote. A point of order is decided by the Senate's presiding officer-Vice President Nixon. Once he rules, the defeated side can appeal to the Senate, which can approve or reject the Vice President's decision by a simple majority vote...