Word: yakut
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...trend of recognizing indigenous peoples' claims to ancestral land sometimes can help preserve wilderness. In the republic of Yakutia in Russian Siberia, some 270,000 sq. mi. of arctic tundra are now off limits to all extractive industries except for the traditional hunting and fishing done by the Yakut people. In Ecuador the Awa people, after winning recognition as a communal federation, were given legal title in 1985 to almost 300,000 acres of Choco forest. Ten years later, despite pressure from logging companies, the Awa signed an agreement with the WWF designating 42,000 acres as a "life reserve...
...movement has begun feeding on itself. In the former Soviet Union, for example, the success of Latvians, Ukrainians, Armenians, Georgians and Tajik, among others, in breaking free from Moscow has encouraged separatist movements inside Russia. Tatars, Chechen, Ingush and Yakut are demanding either greater autonomy within the Russian Federation or full independence. In many areas, though, ethnic groups are so thoroughly mixed that it is impossible to draw neat border lines between their respective turfs. Any attempt to do so only creates new minority problems: a Serb minority in Croatia, for example, instead of a Croat minority in a Serb...
...newest fad is for even more atomization: not just republics but pieces of republics and even single cities are proclaiming themselves sovereign. Within the Russian federation, the Chuvash, Buryat, Kalmyk, Tatar, Mari, Komi, Yakut, Karelian and Bashkir autonomous republics, each the homeland of a distinct ethnic group, have all called for some form of separatism. Districts like the Irkutsk region of Siberia have adopted declarations of "equality and independence," and the city of Nizhni-Novgorod has petitioned the federation for special status...
Books for Yakuts. In the days of the Czar, Russian Jews were periodically subject to brutal, bloody pogroms, but they could often escape suffering by fleeing Russia. The Soviet government forbids emigration and plans its persecutions in more subtle ways. Theoretically, Russian Judaism is permitted to preserve its own culture. But all 17 Yiddish theaters in Russia have been closed down, and only six books in Yiddish have been published since 1959-compared with 144 in one year alone for the 236,000 members of the obscure Yakut nation of Siberia...
Contrary to the judgment that would be given by most U.S. physicians, K. was not "mad" in the opinion of his fellows. He became one of the most respected members of his community-a leader in the practice of medicine. For K. is a shaman among the Yakut, a primitive tribe of fishermen and reindeer hunters in the arctic wastes of eastern Siberia. Moral drawn by State of Mind: one man's madness in one society is another's greatness in a different culture...