Word: yakuza
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Dates: during 1973-1973
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...increasing boldness of Mafia-like crime syndicates. Japan boasts the lowest crime rate of any industrial nation (Tokyo's homicide rate is about one-tenth that of New York's, for instance, and robbery is almost nonexistent). But police estimate that the country now has 124,000 yakuza (good-for-nothings, as mobsters are commonly called), divided into some 2,900 gangs. A crackdown on these boryokudan (violence organizations) has become the top priority of Japan's 200,000-man national police force...
...police have put pressure on such traditional gangland rackets as gambling, drug trafficking and prostitution, the mobsters have increasingly turned to corporation blackmail for new revenues. The shakedowns are made possible by the common corporate practice of hiring yakuza thugs, instead of less effective private guards, to police general stockholders' meetings. Such men even have a name, sokaiya, meaning general-meeting experts...
...Kyoto bank, which had used yakuza to threaten and intimidate workers into going along with management in a labor dispute, almost went broke from mob shakedowns before it recently called on police for help. At a general stockholders' meeting of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries two years ago, a tough-looking platoon of men beat up a group of peace advocates who had bought shares in the company so that they could protest Mitsubishi's arms production. The men were known to be sokaiya, but no company official ever admitted inviting them. Indeed, it is possible that they had simply...
...bravado is a novelty. Until fairly recently, in fact, gangsters were obliged by a chivalric code to give to the poor and avoid harming innocent people. Like members of the Mafia, they took a blood oath that was not broken with impunity. For failing to live up to the yakuza code, an offender had to show penitence by cutting off his little finger and presenting it to his oyabun (boss)-a rite that still prevails in the Japanese underworld...
...yakuza branched out from gambling into other rackets, the gangs grew in number and power. Today the largest, Yamaguchi-gumi,* is a veritable army of 10,000 men. Under the command of Japan's top mobster, Kazuo Taoka, 60, police say that Yamaguchi-gumi has become a criminal conglomerate that controls more than 50 corporations, ranging from restaurants and bars to trucking companies and talent agencies. The gang's take from gambling alone is estimated to be as high as $100 million a year...