Word: yemen
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...some of the heads of radical Arab states, which refuse to grant Israel the right to exist, never wanted to attend the summit. Libya's Muammar Gaddafi made it known that he would boycott the session. So did Algeria's Bendjedid Chadli, Marxist South Yemen's Ali Nasser Mohammed and Iraq's Saddam Hussein, who was still smarting from Israel's surprise raid last June on the nuclear reactor in Baghdad. In all, eight top-level Arab leaders failed to go to Fez, including Syria's President Hafez Assad, who sent in his place...
With the exception of Libya and South Yemen, the Arab states basically want a settlement with Israel along the lines of the Fahd plan. Moreover, some of the states depend on Saudi funds, as does the P.L.O. But a number of Arab governments are now put off by Israeli intransigence and the fact that the U.S. has not given firmer backing to the Fahd proposal...
...Saudis, who were touring Arab capitals last week drumming up support for their plan, had some opposition. The Libyans were working just as vigorously against the plan among their allies, including radical P.L.O. groups, Syria, Algeria and South Yemen, which at this point are not prepared to recognize Israel's right to exist at all. As the Fez summit approached, the future of the Saudi plan depended on two key questions: 1) Would the Libyans draw the other Arab hardline states into intractable opposition? 2) Would the P.L.O. endorse the proposal...
...Saudis felt threatened by a sequence of ominous events: the overthrow of the Shah of Iran (who in 1977 had ordered AWACS planes that fortuitously were never delivered); the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan; Ethiopia's increasing emergence as a Soviet ally on the Horn of Africa; Marxist South Yemen's attempt to overthrow the traditionally westward-leaning regime in northern Yemen. The Saudis began pressing for precisely the fuel tanks and bomb racks (Sidewinder missiles were added later) that Brown had said they would not get. When war broke out between Iran and Iraq, both Americans and Saudis had visions...
...detente. In answer, Haig cited President Reagan's fervent belief that Moscow is to blame for any chilly relations and attacked the Soviets for continuing to press their own formidable military augmentation. He also ticked off a familiar list of examples of Soviet expansionism: Angola, Afghanistan, Ethiopia, South Yemen, Cambodia and Central America...