Word: yemens
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...penitent in Nasser as he turned from piety to politics and the humiliating purpose of his visit to Saudi Arabia. He had arrived in Jedda harbor aboard his presidential yacht Hurriah (Freedom) to negotiate with King Feisal a way out of the stalemated three-year war in Yemen. Egypt's ruler was ready to compromise, for his long, expensive military campaign on the Arabian peninsula was an obvious failure...
...Rocks. The pact provides for 1) the gradual withdrawal from Yemen of the 50,000-man Egyptian expeditionary force within a ten-month period and the cessation of all Saudi help to the royalists; and 2) the formation of a Yemen Congress of 50, representing all factions, which will be charged with forming a transitional regime and establishing procedures for a national plebiscite to determine Yemen's future government. Feisal proved willing to give in to Nasser on points that would help him save face back home in Cairo, but there was no compromise on basics. Nasser hoped...
...neither the republicans nor the royalists were represented at Jedda. Twice before, the Egyptian and the Saudi had "agreed" to stop the brutal little war, but each effort has shattered on the rocks of Nasser's ambition, Feisal's fear of Egyptian encroachment, and ancient rivalries in Yemen itself, where the tough mountain tribes consider themselves the natural rulers of the lowland tribes. Nor was it very clear just how a referendum could be held in a land whose 5,000,000 people are 90% illiterate and have never before in history voted with anything except guns...
...agreement acceptable to both sides might include 1) withdrawal of Egyptian troops within six months, 2) a transitional government manned by a coalition of republicans and royalists, and 3) a promise of national elections. Nasser seemed ready to drop his long-insisted-upon title of the "Republic of Yemen" in favor of the "Islamic State of Yemen." But a major obstacle was Nasser's insistence that Imam Badr and his immediate family be banished in order to speed a reconciliation of the Yemeni factions. Yemen's royalists would hardly go along with that, though they might well agree...
President Gamal Abdel Nasser has for months sought an end to the bloody, three-year-old civil war in Yemen that would not carry with it the stigma of humiliating defeat for Egypt. An expeditionary force of some 50,000 Egyptian troops was not able to do the job. Neither was a series of palavers between delegates of the unstable republican regime of Abdullah Sallal and those of the royalist tribesmen fighting to restore Yemen's deposed Imam Badr...