Word: yom
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...that could instantly be turned into a gigantic combat zone. Inevitably they are bound together by a mutual abhorrence of war. The most effective speakers are people who have the great est reason to be bitter: the wives and parents of young men killed on both sides of the Yom Kippur War. Their remembrances of their loved ones, of ten spoken through tears, render the desolation of personal loss, and make one ashamed of glib generalizations spouted from a safe distance west of Suez. "I understand their feeling of loss," an Israeli father says of Egyptians who also lost sons...
...Traumatic recollections of the Yom Kippur War continue to haunt and obsess the Israelis," said former Israeli Foreign Minister Abba Eban two weeks ago in Tel Aviv at the First International Conference on Psychological Stress and Adjustment in War and Peace. The war was "a psychological disaster," added Psychologist Richard Lazarus of the University of California at Berkeley. It "may signal the start of a major personality change for Israelis." Constant political tensions, he added, have turned Israel into a "great natural laboratory" for the psychosciences...
...Yom Kippur War, Israel saw an unexpectedly high number of its soldiers fighting personal breakdown, from conversion symptoms (paralysis of a healthy leg, for example) to panic, amnesia and other classic reactions of "battle shock." Some of the effects were new to Israelis. The need to abandon wounded comrades on the field during the heavy and continuous fighting, a denial of the Israeli army's code of behavior, was shattering. One Israeli machine gunner shot down so many Arabs that he fled in panic, obsessed by the idea of a pile of corpses blotting out the sun. Another soldier...
During the Yom Kippur War, Israeli women tended to bypass emergency public service and plunge into household tasks to relieve anxieties about loved ones at the front. For a while, the fledgling women's liberation movement in Israel seemed almost snuffed out. Now it is growing again, but the current crisis has helped reinforce traditional sexual roles. A recent survey of women showed that 90% of them felt that females should not take combat positions in the army. Despite the near constant threat to national survival, women have not fought since...
Lazarus, an American Jew, gently suggested that the Israelis' belief that they can master any situation may have produced some scapegoating after the Yom Kippur War. His reasoning: if a war goes badly, a people who deeply believe their fate is in their own hands have no one to blame but their leaders. He also feels that Israelis may be employing "middle knowledge"-a term which refers to the process by which a dying person suppresses knowledge of his predicament in order to maintain hope...