Word: yugoslavia
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Fighting on the wrong side in World War I, Hungary emerged from the peace shorn of most of its ancient conquests. The new states of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were created out of what had once been St. Stephen's realm. Rumania got a large slice, and the Hungarian nation was reduced to a puny third of the Carpathian basin where Arpad had made his home a millennium earlier. Its predominantly Magyar population of 8,354,400 was 75% Roman Catholic, 20% Calvinist, and the balance Greek Orthodox, Uniate, Lutheran and Jewish. In 1919, amid the anarchy of defeat...
Following Moscow's cue, the Chinese Reds put the blame for these deplorable tendencies on Yugoslavia's Marshal Tito. And when it came to pinpointing the nature of Tito's heresy, the Chinese Communists did not hesitate to make a charge that no Russian leader currently dares to make in public. "In our opinion," said the Central Committee, "Stalin's mistakes take second place to his achievements . . . [Tito] took up a wrong attitude when he set up so-called Stalinism, the Stalinist course and Stalinist elements as objects of attack . . . This can only lead...
...surprise to Belgrade, where Tito had been counting on China as a major ally in his fight for "independent Communism." The Kremlin's hard-line Politburocrats have gathered pledges of support from all the satellites except Poland, and from the big Communist Parties of France and Italy, leaving Yugoslavia and Poland almost isolated in insisting on "separate ways to socialism." Nervously, Tito's henchmen considered the possibility that Soviet isolation of Yugoslavia might even extend to a rupture of the "state relations" signed by Khrushchev and withdrawal of the economic aid (some $500 million in loans and credits...
Djilas' secret trial lasted twelve hours. At its end the public was readmitted to see a weary, unsmiling Djilas sentenced to three years of hard labor for having written articles "purposely to help certain hostile foreign elements [to] intervene in the internal affairs of Yugoslavia." Djilas' last words, before being led back to Sing Sing: "I am a Social Democrat who has nothing in common with Communism...
Back to Hungary. Also by way of proving the reliability of Yugoslavia's national Communism, Tito last week i) returned to Hungary ("of their own free will") 141 refugees who had crossed into Yugoslavia; 2) sent a message to Soviet President Kliment Voroshilov expressing hope for a stronger friendship and cooperation between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union...