Word: yugoslavia
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...When Yugoslavia's President Tito entered Sarajevo's magnificent new cultural and sports center last week, the 2,300 delegates to an economic conference cheered wildly and gave him a standing ovation. Then, as he strode to the rostrum beneath portraits of Marx, Engels, Lenin and himself, the throng broke into the war-time song of the Yugoslav partisans, "Comrade Tito, we give you our word, we shall follow...
...will they follow anybody else? Tito, who will be 79 on May 25, is given full credit for making Yugoslavia the most democratic of all the Communist states as well as the one with the highest standard of living. Almost all Yugoslavs still support the system of "self-management" that Tito introduced 21 years ago, rejecting Soviet-style planning and central control in favor of economic decentralization, which makes managers of factories directly responsible to the workers...
Into the Open. Tito, however, may well be the only man who can command the allegiance of the disparate peoples of Yugoslavia's six republics and two autonomous provinces. A Croat in a country dominated numerically by Serbs, Tito has been trying for decades to groom a suitable successor. His first candidate, Milovan Djilas, wound up in jail after criticizing some of Tito's methods in the 1950s; his second, Aleksander Ranković, was banished from the party in 1966 when he opposed Tito's policies of decentralization and liberalization. Both men are free today and live...
...nations are as vulnerable to internal division as Yugoslavia. Two of its republics, Slovenia and Croatia, were once linked to the Habsburg empire and developed as part of the West; the others stagnated for centuries under Turkish rule. The cultured Slovene has neither language nor heritage in common with the illiterate Montenegran. The independent, expansionist Serbs have dreamed of a true nation of Yugoslavs (literally "southern Slavs"). They formed the backbone of the wartime resistance; to this day, they accuse the Croats of having collaborated with the Germans. Resentments run so deep that the Yugoslavs have never chosen a national...
Unbelievable Pressure. Tito's task of maintaining unity while solving the problem of succession is made even more difficult by the fact that the economy is in bad shape because the Yugoslavs have been living beyond their means. Despite a 15% devaluation of the dinar last fall, Yugoslavia's trade deficit rose 62% in the first quarter of the year, while retail prices soared 12%, and the cost of living...