Word: yugoslavs
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Italian Communist leaders have praised the Chinese for asking the right questions about why Soviet-style Marxism has failed economically, and a highly sympathetic account of the Chinese reforms appeared in East Germany's official newspaper Neues Deutschland. Svetozar Stojanovic, a Yugoslav social scientist now serving as a visiting scholar in the U.S., goes so far as to say that "in the eyes of many people, the Chinese have become the new vanguard in the Communist world." More surprising still are the views of Silviu Brucan, professor of sociology at the University of Bucharest in Rumania, a nation formally allied...
...heart of Yugoslavia's brand of Communism is "workers' self-management," Tito's notion that the means of economic production should belong directly to workers, rather than to the state. The Yugoslav system now depends on Basic Organizations of Associated Labor, which are, in theory, voluntary groups of workers who make any type of product...
...BOALS permeate Yugoslavia's economic society, and are the Yugoslav equivalent of shareholders. They elect the workers' councils, like the one at Red Banner, that serve essentially as a factory's board of directors. Behind the democratic facade, of course, Communist Party control is ironclad. In theory, says a Western diplomat in Belgrade, the self-governing councils are "the purest form of Marxism." But in practice, "the trade union and the management are all controlled by the local party in every big plant...
...Yugoslav Communism has been plagued by a Balkan variant of Murphy's Law ("if anything can go wrong, it will"). Local empire building is rampant, a practice that is amplified by Yugoslavia's strongly regional nature. The polyglot nation consists of six republics and two autonomous provinces, meaning that in each area regional bureaucrats have competing, equally wasteful strategies...
Kirchschläger, who was once a judge, had closeted himself for ten days with more than 500 pages of documents from the U.N., the Yugoslav government and the World Jewish Congress that detailed Waldheim's activities as a lieutenant in the German army from 1942 to 1945. The first published reports about Waldheim's military service had shattered his pretense that he had been mustered out of the army after being wounded in 1941. Faced with evidence to the contrary, he has since admitted returning to active service as an army interpreter in Greece and Yugoslavia. Nonetheless, he maintains that...