Word: zambia
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...called frontline states (Mozambique, Zambia, Angola, Tanzania and Botswana), whose support is crucial to the guerrillas, were given much of the credit for breaking the deadlock. Anxious for an end to the costly struggle, their leaders had been instrumental ever since they helped bring the Front to the conference table last September. With strong diplomatic encouragement from Whitehall and Washington, the frontline Presidents had sent a senior representative to London to tell the guerrilla leaders-particularly the recalcitrant Mugabe-that they must settle with the British. That arm twisting, and the additional assembly points, did the trick...
...concentrated. Zimbabwe Rhodesia's biggest black groups are the Shona, who form some 80% of the population, and Ndebele, who make up about 15% (whites constitute 3%). Like its leader Robert Mugabe, the bulk of the Mozambique-based Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army (ZANLA) are Shona. The Zambia-based Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) is dominated by Ndebele, like Leader Joshua Nkomo...
Despite his proposed reform of petty apartheid, Botha has no intention of altering the long-range goal of Nationalist policy: maintaining white sovereignty in South Africa as head of a "constellation of states," that might include ten quasi-autonomous tribal homelands, as well as Zambia and Zimbabwe Rhodesia, as a bulwark against Communist expansion. If these measures fail to gain South Africa's security, some Afrikaners are contemplating more drastic steps. Predicted an influential Afrikaner last week: "In ten years' time, the army will appoint the civilians, and no one, black or white, will have to vote...
...source of friction concerns the time required to establish the ceasefire. Carrington feels it can be carried out in less than two weeks. But the Patriotic Front leaders insist they will need several months to get their supporters back into the country from their bases in Mozambique, Angola and Zambia. The guerrillas are rapidly infiltrating the country to improve their positions before the cease-fire takes effect. The Front now has an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 fighters within Zimbabwe Rhodesia's borders. Though British negotiators expect tough bargaining on this and other sticky points, they remain confident...
Much credit for bringing the Patriotic Front back to the conference table went to leaders of the front-line African states (Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Botswana and Angola), which provide crucial support to the guerrillas. Staggering under severe economic pressures, these countries have been urging their Patriotic Front wards to negotiate a settlement of the costly seven-year war. Frontline leaders were shocked by Carrington's strong-handed tactics and feared that the success of the talks was being "jeopardized" by a mere technicality. Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere, a key sponsor of the Lancaster House talks, invited the other front...