Word: zambia
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...Zambia reopens a border as Smith goes...
...last week in a last-ditch effort to promote his faltering bi-racial interim government with the American public, and even before leaving Salisbury, he got an unexpected boost for his cause from an old enemy. Faced with a grave fertilizer shortage that threatened famine and food shortages, Zambia's President Kenneth Kaunda reluctantly announced that he would reopen his country's border with Rhodesia to permit vital imports and to allow the rail shipment of Zambian copper to ports in South Africa and Mozambique...
Heavily dependent for income on one export (copper), landlocked Zambia had gone along with the U.N. sanctions at considerable cost. The 1,160-mile Tazara railway, built by the Chinese as an alternative to routes through southern Africa, never became fully operational, because of theft, widespread mismanagement and frequent breakdowns in equipment. Zambia, already suffering from falling world copper prices, found it increasingly difficult to get the metal to markets. Skyrocketing prices and continual shortages of such vital goods as soap, matches and cooking oil created popular unrest and encouraged political opposition to Kaunda's less-than-democratic regime...
...both Presidents Kennedy and Johnson. Often, Engelhard's cultivation of American politicos caused embarassment for the U.S. Johnson, especially, made a habit of sending Engelhard as a U.S. representative to African state ceremonies. In 1964, for instance, Engelhard asked the president to send him as U.S. representative to Zambia's independence ceremonies. Johnson agreed, and throughout black Africa, where Engelhard was universally viewed as a persona non grata, African leaders reacted with shock and indignation...
That ominous prophecy worries no one more than Nyerere. As elder statesman of the five black "frontline states" (Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia, Angola and Botswana) that want to erase the last vestiges of white rule in southern Africa, Nyerere's support for efforts to bring peace to the area is pivotal. Because of Nyerere's staunch support for liberation movements, Smith has unfairly dubbed him "the evil genius on the Rhodesian scene." That sobriquet overstates Nyerere's influence with the guerrillas; it also fails to convey the Tanzanian leader's desire for peace...