Word: zengakuren
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...ultraradical splinter group from the Zengakuren students' union was not about to settle for any peaceful solution. Like militants on other campuses the world over, they wanted a violent confrontation with authority...
They tear gassed the defenders and trained water cannons at students on the roof. Using power saws, sledgehammers and blowtorches, they battered and burned down the barricades while a police helicopter sprayed tear gas down on the building. Resistance ended the afternoon of the second day and the beaten Zengakuren were led off to jail. There were 631 arrests, but, amazingly, only three students and two policemen were listed as seriously injured...
...police knew the identity of their enemy: four splinter groups in Zengakuren, the faction-ridden Japanese student federation. The vast majority of Zengakuren members, including the Communists, stayed away from the riots. Those who did riot, like the New Left everywhere, regard the Communists as bourgeois and politically backward and consider themselves the "conscience of the nation." $1,000,000 Damages. As the battle for Shinjuku station wore on through the night, the Public Safety Commission held an emergency session and ordered the imposition of the antiriot law, which provides penalties of up to ten years in jail. Previously, rioters...
...worst rioting Tokyo had seen since 1960, when the Zengakuren prevented President Eisenhower's state visit to Japan and toppled Premier Kishi. But even then, though much more unified and with far more public support than today, Zengakuren could not prevent the signing of the U.S.-Japanese Security Pact. The pact, replacing the earlier Security Treaty of 1951, was signed in 1960. It actually gives Japan a greater voice than before in any U.S. military activities on Japanese territory, and pledges both countries to take unspecified action if either one is attacked in territories under Japanese administration...
Once admitted to a university, a student theoretically becomes a member of the Zengakuren, the national federation of student governments. Actually only a few thousand of the Zengakuren's members are convinced radicals, but they nonetheless constitute a cadre of professional riot organizers, who almost annually create a governmental crisis...