Word: zeroed
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Arctic weather has a bag of tricks that cannot be learned in occasional nights to Alaska or midwinter operations in Minnesota. This winter, many a service pilot and mechanic who has worked at San Diego and Shreveport will head north to beat new enemies-sudden fogs, icing weather, sub-zero temperatures that make engine-starting tough. New hangar and field equipment will have to be designed and tested, new cold-weather clothing tried out. From now on, Alaska becomes a permanent station of U. S. defense...
Last week the sullen heralds of total war chattered in British skies, but many a British scientist, true to a long and stanch tradition, went calmly on with his researches in "pure" or fundamental science.* One of the purest of pure sciences is the approach to absolute zero, the nadir of cold. Absolute zero is the point at which all random motions of material particles, due to heat energy, are completely stilled. It is calculated at 273.13° below zero on the centigrade scale, and it can be written as simply 0°K., meaning zero on the Kelvin...
...issue of the British journal Na ture which reached the U. S. last week, a new approach to absolute zero, suggested by several investigators, was explained by Dr. Charles Galton Darwin. He is the calm, pipe-smoking director of the Na tional Physical Laboratory, grandson of Evolution's great Charles Darwin. In effect the method is to work down as far as possible with the magnetism of molecules, then continue with the magnetism in the nuclei (cores) of the atoms themselves. In this way, researchers can plausibly expect to get down to one hundred-thousandth, possibly to one millionth...
...apparatus will be intricate and the experiment laborious. Says Dr. Darwin: "Each successive stage in producing cold has called for greater efforts and has on the whole produced less results." But scientists may find that at a few millionths of a degree above absolute zero, certain sub stances become permanent magnets ; they may find nothing. They do not know for sure what they will find, and that is the lure. If England survives they will keep going...
...temperature on earth will fall 200° below zero C. Finally the dying sun will completely die-it will be as cold as surrounding space, emit no light...