Word: zionists
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...self-described "commuter between heaven and earth," Steinsaltz did university work in physics and mathematics rather than rabbinics and had a rigidly secular upbringing in Jerusalem. His father Avraham, a far-left socialist, was an early Zionist and proudly Jewish, but he kept any religious sentiments carefully concealed. Little Adin read Lenin and Freud before his bar mitzvah. Later, however, the family saw to it that he was tutored in the Talmud and attended a religious high school. Explained Avraham: "I don't care if you are a heretic. I don't want you to be an ignoramus...
...fear that they will be drawn ever more deeply into the conflict. Iran has already launched Chinese Silkworm missiles against Kuwait. At the summit's opening, Saudi Arabia's King Fahd said the Iranians were "pointing their arrows to our chests instead of helping us to liberate Jerusalem from Zionist domination. There is no reasonable justification for this other than the desire for expansion...
Abourezk argued that the American views of the situation in the Middle East have been distorted by the influential pro-Israel lobby in the United States. He claimed that the Palestinians were promised an independent state by the British government in 1918, only to be thwarted by "Zionist political machinations in London...
...roots of the struggle go back to well before Israel's birth as a modern state in 1948. Many Orthodox Jews opposed the Zionist movement, which, starting in the late 19th century, called for a return to Palestine. For them, ^ there could be no Israeli state until the appearance of the Messiah. In order to overcome such objections to nationhood, David Ben-Gurion, the country's political founder, shaped an agreement with Jewish religious leaders in 1947 that attempted to define the role of religion in Israeli life. That declaration, known as the "status quo," made several key concessions...
...campaign to shift from the neutrality of that initial wording to a statement opposing pro-Zionist theology was led by the Rev. Benjamin Weir, the former U.S. missionary in Lebanon who was held hostage by Muslim terrorists for 16 months until his release last September. To him, both Jews and Palestinians have the right to a homeland. Weir is completing a year as the church's Moderator (titular head). Besides amending the section on Israel, Weir's allies, primarily churchmen who have worked in the Middle East, got the document downgraded from a church-policy statement to a study paper...