Word: zuckerman
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Constance Bagkan, Sharon Zuckerman and Judith Ross--works by Bach, Mozart, Schubert; Cambridge Friends Meeting House...
...Zuckerman, the Avery and Mendeleev cases are only two of many examples of committee actions that will lead to more and more "first-class scientists who are destined not to win a Nobel Prize." In part, she notes, these omissions are inevitable, because the number of scientists worldwide has grown some 30 times, while the number of science-prize recipients each year (seldom more than six) has remained more or less constant...
...Nobel committees' own rules, which since 1901 have provided for annual Nobel science prizes in only three fields-physics, chemistry and physiology-medicine; in 1969 a fourth prize was added in economics. In addition, there are prizes for literary accomplishment and for contributions to world peace. Writes Zuckerman: "The prizes cannot go, however great the importance of their contributions, to mathematicians, earth and marine scientists, astronomers, and many kinds of geologists and behavioral scientists." She notes that the rules have been bent a bit-for Radio Astronomers Martin Ryle and Anthony Hewish in 1974, and for Ethologists Konrad Lorenz...
...Zuckerman also dissents from the Nobel emphasis on empirical discoveries as opposed to theoretical contributions. Says she: "Darwin's principles of evolution would probably not have qualified." Indeed, Albert Einstein's Nobel Prize citation made only a cautious reference to his theory of relativity, first published 16 years before he became a Nobel laureate in 1921, while emphasizing the empirical consequences of his work on the photoelectric effect-the basis for "electric eyes," television cameras and motion picture sound equipment...
...Many of Zuckerman's criticisms have been considered in the past by members of various Nobel committees; in fact, the present article developed from interviews with laureates and Nobel officials that she conducted for her 1977 study of the Nobels, Scientific Elite. As Zuckerman acknowledges, Nobel judges generally argue that the roster of prizewinners is not intended as an all-inclusive list of the best scientific work. But Zuckerman fears that unless eligibility becomes wider, the premier reputation of the Nobels is bound to decline. However the Nobel Foundation eventually responds to her criticisms and those of others...